Detection of biofilm formation in multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates in Zaria metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria

Antimicrobial resistance are associated with several virulence factors such as biofilm. The biofilm formation ability of S. aureus complicates effective therapeutic management infections. In this research, we intend to observe in using two vitro phenotypic methods: tissue culture plate and Congo red agar well genes Ica A B & D 16SrRNA. total 150 presumptive coagulase positive staphylococcal isolates from all specimens (blood, urine, high vaginal swab, wound ear endocervical swab) submitted the microbiology laboratory selected hospitals were collected. Seventy-three (73) or 48.7% identified Staphylococcus standard methods (tube test, growth on mannitol salt Dnase agar). Using microgen staph identification kit, further characterized into various Staph spp. Disc diffusion method was used for eleven (11) antibiotics susceptibility test while vancomycin screening BMD (Broth Micro dilution) MIC evaluation. Indirect observation performed congo (CRA) Microtitre assay method. PCR sequencing conducted molecularly detect presence 16SrRNA, IcaA, IcaB, IcaD genes. Susceptibility S (21%) tested against 12 different categories shows 4(27%) not multidrug resistant (MDR), 7(47%) MDR 4 (27%) extensively drug (XDR). High percentage (74%) Multiple antibiotic index at ≥0.3 suggested that originated an environment where often used. Biofilm assessment revealed 9(82%) 11 (100%) formers Red Agar Microtiter respectively. All amplified 16SrRNA primer signifying aureus, 100% 90% IcaD, 50% IcaB. We can conclude there is prevalence forming strains studied. This result should be born mind by clinicians prescribing medication conditions. Hospital managements proactive preventing preservation their hospital through adequate sanitary disinfection protocols. It also necessary clinician note nitrofurantoin, linezolid most producing microtitre observed reliable study